AHMED SALAMAIGCSE PHYSICS · CHAPTER 1 LAB
Chapter 1 · Physical quantities & measurement

Measure first.
Reason precisely.

Read instruments correctly, improve tiny measurements using multiples, time oscillations, distinguish scalars from vectors and construct perpendicular resultants.

Investigation 1

Measure length and volume

Use a ruler and measuring cylinder, read scales at eye level and use displacement for an irregular object.
Instrument bench
Investigation 2

Measure a time interval

Choose a suitable clock or digital timer and measure from a defined start event to a defined finish event.
Digital timer
0.00 s
Investigation 3

Measure multiples, then average

Reduce percentage uncertainty by measuring many small distances or time intervals together.

Thickness of one sheet

6.0 mm
one sheet = 6.0 ÷ 50 = 0.120 mm

Period of a pendulum

total time ÷ number of oscillations = period

Measuring many repeats makes the fixed reading or reaction-time uncertainty a smaller fraction of the total.

Investigation 4

Classify scalars and vectors

A scalar has magnitude only. A vector has magnitude and direction.
Select each quantity, then classify it
Investigation 5 · Supplement

Find the resultant of perpendicular vectors

Determine the magnitude and direction by scale drawing or by Pythagoras and trigonometry.
Assessment

Check every objective

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Learning objectives

  1. Use rulers and measuring cylinders to determine length and volume.
  2. Measure time intervals using clocks and digital timers.
  3. Find average small distances and short times by measuring multiples, including pendulum period.
  4. Distinguish scalar and vector quantities.
  5. Recognise the specified scalar quantities.
  6. Recognise the specified vector quantities.
  7. Determine the resultant of two vectors at right angles.